1 “With Malice Toward None” by Jon Meacham

In his Second Inaugural Address, Abraham Lincoln embodied leading in a time of polarization, political disagreement, and clashing understandings of reality.

2 The Secret Plans to Invade Japan, by David Dean Barrett

U.S. military leaders drew up elaborate plans to invade Japan, with estimates of American casualties ranging as high as two to four million, given the terrible losses at Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

3 Why Did Ruby Kill Oswald? by Burt W. Griffin

Sixty years ago, Jack Ruby shot Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald. What was his motive? The Warren Commission lawyer who investigated Ruby reveals the killer’s state of mind.

4 Who Really Was FDR? by Derek Leebaert

He could be charming and witty, but also devious and cruel, said aides closest to Franklin Roosevelt.

5 Special Issue: Japan and the Atomic Bomb, by Edwin Grosvenor

In this special issue, we look from multiple viewpoints at the conventional and atomic attacks on Japanese cities to end the Asia-Pacific war.

6 Samuel Adams Starts a Revolution, by Stacy Schiff

Enlisting an army of alter egos, Adams used the Boston press to make the case for American independence and to orchestrate a burgeoning rebellion.

7 Teddy Falls in Love with the West, by H. W. Brands

As a young man, Theodore Roosevelt struggled through a brutal winter on a cattle ranch in the Dakota Territory. The adventure launched his love affair with the western United States.

8 Struggling to End the War, by Richard Overy

As defeat became inevitable in the summer of 1945, Japan's government and the Allies could not agree on surrender terms, especially regarding the future of Emperor Hirohito and his throne.

9 What Were the Japanese Thinking? by Richard B. Frank

Leaders in Tokyo alone controlled when the war would end, but the regime's political structure was so complex that it crippled rational decision-making.

10 "Why We Used the Atomic Bomb" by Henry Stimson

In 1947, former Secretary of War Henry Stimson recalled the agonizing decision to use the bomb: "This deliberate, premeditated destruction was our least abhorrent choice."

11 First Shots in the Pacific War, by Keith Fitzgerald

Eighty minutes before Pearl Harbor, Japanese troops stormed ashore at Kota Bharu in Malaysia and fired the first shots of World War II in Asia.

12 Did We Really Need to Drop the Bomb? by Paul Ham

American leaders called the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki our "least abhorrent choice," but there were alternatives to the nuclear attacks.

13 Cities Reduced to Ashes, by David Dean Barrett

In the spring of 1945, American bombing raids destroyed much of Tokyo and dozens of other Japanese cities, killing at least 200,000 people, without forcing a surrender.

14 Was the Flag-Raising on Iwo Jima Posed? by Marc Lancaster

One of the defining images of World War II continues to be trailed by controversy.

15 The Daring Escape of Frederick Douglass, by Linda Hirshman

As he recounted in his memoirs, Frederick Douglass endured daily beatings and forced labor before taking his chances on the road to freedom.

16 We Must Do A Better Job