Alice in Autoland

Authors: Bruce Watson

Historic Era: Era 7: The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930)

Historic Theme:

Subject:

May 2023 | Volume 68, Issue 3

Text Complexity Grade Level

alice ramsey — *At 22 years old, Alice Ramsey became the first woman to drive coast to coast across the U.S, completing her journey on August 7, 1909. Library of Congress*

Editor's Note: Bruce Watson is a writer, historian, and contributing editor of American Heritage. You can read more of his work on his blog, The Attic.

Hackensack, NJ — 1908 — Duke was a rough horse, but Alice could handle him. “I’ve got strong arms,” she told her husband. And, one summer afternoon, she set out on horseback. The 19th century itself seemed to ride with her, slow and plodding. Then the 20th century came up from behind.

“There were probably not a half dozen motor vehicles in Hackensack,” Alice Ramsey recalled. But, with a honk and a roar, a new Pierce-Arrow “flew by at a 30-mile clip.” Duke bolted. Alice clung to the horse’s neck until he slowed and settled.

The 19th century itself seemed to ride with her, slow and plodding. Then the 20th century came up from behind.

That evening, when Alice suggested she get a smaller horse, her husband, a banker and future Congressman, had a more modern idea: “The man from the Maxwell agency thinks you could drive an automobile without any trouble. How would you like to have one of those, instead of a horse?”

Alice Ramsey was 22, a newly married mother. But she had “grown up mechanical, something I inherited from my father.” So, when she hopped in the driver’s seat, she just kept going.

That summer, in her new Maxwell Runabout, she drove all over New Jersey, some 6,000 miles. When she finished the Montauk Point Endurance Race, a 150-mile trek across Long Island, a car dealer had a proposition.

ramsey 1 — *Ramsey and her three passengers endured grueling conditions during their trip, including mud, breakdowns, flat tires and more. Courtesy Detroit Public Library, National Automotive History Collection*

“I’ve watched you drive all day,” the Maxwell man said, “and I think you’re the greatest natural woman driver I’ve yet seen. Do you know what I am about to prophesy?”

To show that women, too, could handle an automobile, this man proposed a drive “from Hell Gate on the Atlantic to the Golden Gate on the Pacific.” Was Alice up to it?

To show that women, too, could handle an automobile, this man proposed a drive “from Hell Gate on the Atlantic to the Golden Gate on the Pacific.”

The romance of the American road had yet to blossom. Just one person, a doctor from San Francisco, had driven across the country. Six other expeditions had failed. Alice agreed to try, if her husband approved. When his middle-aged sisters, Nettie and Margaret, thought the drive might be fun, John Ramsey agreed. He never “fenced me in,” Alice said.

On June 9, 1909, Alice, Nettie, Margaret, and 19-year-old Hermine Jahns stood in the pouring rain outside the Maxwell showroom on

Broadway. Beside them was a dark green touring car with a leather roof, add-on luggage, and tire racks, and a 20-gallon gas tank. The car also had a rubber bulb “honk honk horn,” a spark throttle, and a crank in front.

Ahead lay 3,800 miles of roads, less than 200 paved. Their only guidebooks, from the new AAA, used landmarks such as “the yellow house” for navigation. But the Maxwell men had faith in Alice Ramsey. Others were not so sure.

“Where are your guns?” a man in the crowd asked.

“We aren’t carrying any.”

“What about protecting yourselves?”

“We’re not afraid.”

“And don’t you have any pillows?”

“If one of us needs a pillow,” Alice said, “I guess she’ll have to board a train to the next stop. I think we ought to get started.”

ramsey 2 — *Less than 200 miles of road were paved along the route that Ramsey took across America in 1909. Courtesy Detroit Public Library, National Automotive History Collection*

Then Alice waved off a man ready to crank up the car, and did the job herself. With a sputter, the Maxwell headed up Broadway, crossed the Hudson at Yonkers, and rattled on. By sundown, they were in Poughkeepsie, a first day of 76 miles.

Across America, the women “motored.” In their windowless car, they survived muggy heat, torrential rains, and eleven flat tires.

While her companions sat, “well-groomed and dressed in the daintiest of French-heel footgear,“ Alice changed all the tires, cleaned spark plugs, checked the gas by dipping a ruler into the tank, repaired brakes, and did all the driving. They made just four miles on days when road were “gluey,” close to 200 when they were graveled.

Outside Chicago, another car careened too close, dented a hubcap, and drove on. “Our first hit-and-run,” Alice noted. Crossing the Mississippi on a wooden plank bridge, “now, at last, we were West.”

“It’s been done by men,” she said, “and, as long as they have been able to accomplish it, why shouldn’t I?”

But Iowa was “360 miles of gumbo.” Bogged down, backtracking, blistered by the sun, the women took 13 days to reach Nebraska. AAA guidebooks did not cover Western states, so Alice navigated by following telephone poles whose wires multiplied when a city was near.

Cheyenne was something out of a Western — cowboys and Indians in the street. Across the Rockies on old trading trails, then south into Salt Lake, and out across Nevada. One huge ditch took six hours to cross, as the party inched along, jacked above mud, and inched farther.

They moved up over the Sierras on snake roads used to service the Transcontinental Railroad, then down, down into California’s golden Central Valley.

After 59 days on the road, the crew in the Maxwell took the ferry from Oakland to San Francisco, then chugged up Market Street as crowds waved and cheered. The next day’s newspaper read:

PRETTY WOMEN MOTORISTS ARRIVE
AFTER TRIP ACROSS THE CONTINENT

ramsey 3 — *Repairs were frequent, and Ramsey did all of the herself. Courtesy Detroit Public Library, National Automotive History Collection*

Alice Ramsey drove long-distance all her life. When her husband died in 1933, she kept criss-crossing America, making 30 coast-to-coast trips, her last at age 89. By the time she died in 1983, the American landscape she loved — the Plains, the mountains, the rugged West — had become “flyover country.” But when she became the first woman elected to the Automobile Hall of Fame, her spirit prevailed.

“It’s been done by men,” she said, “and, as long as they have been able to accomplish it, why shouldn’t I?”

Alice in Autoland (May 2023 | Volume: 68, Issue: 3)

Alice in Autoland

Text Complexity Grade Level