spit of land in 1602. Champlain charted the safe harbors and the dangerous ones, met with the Indians, and sailed away to the north. English settlement began in earnest only a few years later, and the colonists’ first thoughts of a canal to cut the dangerous seventy-five-mile route around the Cape followed, inspired by an old Indian canoe portage route. In a 1676 diary entry the Sandwich merchant Samuel Sewell wrote, “Mr. Smith … showed me the place where some had thought to cut, for to make a passage from the south sea to the north.”

Despite the good sense of the idea, the canal wasn’t accomplished until 1914, when the eight-mile cut was opened to traffic. Widened and deepened in 1941, just in time to allow wartime supply ships through to Halifax, the waterway we were transiting on a clear Sunday afternoon follows roughly the route Sewell promoted more than three hundred years ago. It is a pleasantly slow progress; the shores are as close as they’ll ever be on this trip, and families gather in backyards to wave the ship on. At the grand finale, best watched from the highest deck, the canal and the sea line up in two silvery strokes and the sandy cliffs near Plymouth rise in the distance.

The next morning, the Sun wove past Maine’s outer islands and anchored in Bar Harbor’s Frenchman Bay, so called in honor of Samuel de Champlain. He came through in 1604 and named Mount Desert Island, not because it appeared parched but because “the summit … is destitute of trees.” Champlain’s first view of this dramatic coast was much like ours: “It is very high, and notched in places, so that there is the appearance to one at sea, as of seven or eight mountains extending along near each other.”

On a bus tour of Acadia National Park, which flows over two-fifths of the island and commands its pink granite heights, we were truly fortunate in our guide, John Spear. A retired submarine commander whose canny humor suggested a Down East Will Rogers, he made entertaining sense of the geology and botany of the island, as all around us the aspen, birch, and maple flamed into color. He gave us a picture of what it was like to grow up in Bar Harbor, the island’s main town, and told the story of the creation of the national park, which is the fourth most visited in the nation.

From Bar Harbor the Sun headed northeast past the Bay of Fundy and along the Nova Scotia coast, with a short visit to Halifax, the provincial capital. Another day at sea brought us into the Gulf of St. Lawrence and up the St. Lawrence River until it joined the brooding, fjordlike Saguenay River, where we cruised for a few hours.

In Quebec the ship’s schedule allowed a full twenty-four hours in port. The dock is just a minute’s

walk from the heart of Lower Town and is close to the funicular, where a slightly terrifying twenty-eight-second elevator ride brings one to the city that commands a stony cliff 333 feet above.

Cartier stopped here in the winter of 1535–36, but it was left to Champlain to establish the first permanent French colony in North America in Quebec in 1608. “I could find none more convenient or better situated than the point of Quebec, so called by the savages, which was covered with nut-trees. I at once employed a portion of our workmen in cutting them down,” he wrote, with a directness that leaps the years. ”… one I set to sawing boards, another to making a cellar and digging ditches, another I sent to Tadoussac with the barque to get supplies.”

In time Champlain ceased his explorations entirely to govern the struggling Quebec settlement. He died there on Christmas Day 1634, mourned by the entire colony, writes a biographer, “for he had no enemies.”

For today’s visitor Quebec’s layered history of nearly four centuries presents a richness and texture unique to this continent. Imperial schemes and nationalistic furies have seethed along the protecting stone walls and narrow streets and on the batteries and battlefields. Everywhere, monuments and plaques kindle memory.

Louis Joliet is celebrated as the first Quebec-born Canadian to make history. In 1684 the explorer of the Mississippi River built a house that now shelters the lower entrance to the funicular. A typed text pasted up near the turnstile reads: ”… he expressed the wish to settle in Illinois. However, this request was denied by the King, who said, ‘It is imperative that Canada acquire a sizable population before its people are allowed to settle in other regions.’”

Elsewhere, at the crossing of St. Paul and St. Thomas streets, I came upon a plaque dedicated to Benedict Arnold, who helped launch the nearly successful American attack on Quebec in 1775. Not far from here, I read, Arnold was wounded in the leg after having taken the first barricade. Had he managed the second, Quebec and all of Canada might well be American today. And Arnold might have remained an American hero.

The Royal Viking Sun ’s Canadian cruise is a two-week affair that loops back to New York. My hitch ended, after a week, in Montreal, where about a third of the passengers debarked. The poignance of finally crossing the gangplank to land was somewhat eased by a discovery in Eaton’s department store in the heart of the city. There, on the ninth floor and soaring some thirty-five feet high, is a restaurant that opened in 1931 in imitation of the grand dining room on the then supreme liner Ile de France . That vessel is gone, but this loving

re-creation has remained virtually unchanged for almost sixty years. As I settled down and opened the menu, I could almost feel the sway of a ship on a gentle sea.

—Carla Davidson
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