Arctic Ocean

<p><span class="deck"> As the debate about rescuing them droned on and on, Lieutenant Greely’s men were dying one by one</span> </p>

<p>In the early 1950s, top-secret efforts led to the first submarine trips to the North Pole by USS <em>Nautilus</em> and USS <em>Skate</em> in 1957 – dramatic successes that rivaled the Soviet Union's Sputnik that year – and shifted the balance of strategic power.</p>