Discrimination

In this article, author Brent Gaspaire defines redlining and how it was used to segregate communities across the United States. He discusses the term's origins and how it became common practice to prevent African Americans from home ownership.

In Plyler v. Doe, the U.S. Supreme Court held that Texas statutes and school‐district policies denying free public education to children not legally admitted into the United States violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court applied a rational‐basis standard and…

In this case, ten Mexican American women filed a lawsuit against physicians and administrators at the Los Angeles County‑USC Medical Center. They alleged that they underwent tubal ligations without fully informed or voluntary consent while in labor or under duress. Judge Jesse W. Curtis Jr.…

In the case of Katzenbach v. Morgan, the Supreme Court significantly affirmed Congress's power under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment. This ruling established Congress's authority to expand individual rights beyond judicial recognition. Specifically, the Court upheld Section 4(e) of…

The Bracero Program operated from 1942 to 1964 as a bilateral guest‑worker initiative between the United States and Mexico. It aimed to fill labor shortages in U.S. agriculture and railroads during World War II and beyond. It brought over 4.6 million Mexican workers under short‑term contracts.…

United States v. Paradise (1987) was a landmark Supreme Court case that addressed the issue of racial discrimination in employment practices, specifically in relation to affirmative action policies. The case involved the Alabama Department of Public Safety, which had a history of discriminatory…