Racism

<p>The boy's vicious killing in Mississippi in 1955 helped to transform America's racial consciousness.</p>

<p><span class="deck"><span class="typestyle">Coatesville, Pennsylvania, dozed fitfully in the oppressive heat of August. Then two shots rang out, and set off an ugly train of racial violence</span> </span></p>

<p><span class="deck"> <span class="typestyle"> One morning Cadet Johnson Whittaker was found battered and bleeding, trussed to his barracks bed. Who had done it, and why?</span> </span></p>

<p><span class="deck"> <span class="typestyle"> For some men the only solution to the dilemma of blacks and whites together was for the blacks to go back where they came from</span> </span></p>

<p><span class="deck">When one weary woman refused to be harassed out of her seat in the bus, the whole shaky edifice of Jim Crow began to totter</span></p>

<p><span class="deck"> <span class="typestyle"> The black laborers on John Williams’ plantation never seemed to leave or complain. It took some digging to find out why</span> </span></p>

<p>In the 19^th Century, white performers invented the minstrel show, the first uniquely American entertainment form</p>
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<p><span class="deck"> A century after passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, many Southern blacks still were denied the vote. In 1965 Martin Luther King, Jr, set out to change that—by marching through the heart of Alabama.</span> </p>

<p><span class="deck"><span class="typestyle">Whatever you were taught or thought you knew about the post-Civil War era is probably wrong in the light of recent study</span> </span></p>

<p><span class="deck"><span class="typestyle">“Why hasn't the stereotype faded away as real cowboys become less and less typical of Western life? Because we can't or won't do without it, obviously.”</span> </span></p>

<p>The United States had promised black soldiers that they would be paid as much as whites. Sergeant Walker believed that promise.</p>

<p><span class="deck">30 years ago, John Howard Griffin, a white Texan, became an itinerant Southern black for four weeks. His account of the experience, "Black like Me," galvanized the nation.</span></p>

<p><span class="deck">More than the Revolution, more than the Constitutional Convention, it was the crucial test of the American nation. The author of <em><span class="typestyle"> Battle Cry of Freedom</span></em>, the most successful recent book on the subject, explains why the issues that fired the Civil War are as urgent in 1990 as they were in 1861. </span></p>

<p><span class="body"><span class="body"><span class="pullquote even">A child of the South's "Lost Cause," Truman broke with his convictions to make civil rights a concern of the national government for the first time since Reconstruction. In so doing, he changed the nation forever.</span></span></span></p>

<p><span class="deck">Harry Wills might have been heavyweight champion of the world. But the world wouldn’t let him.</span></p>

<p><span class="deck">THE CASE AGAINST THE CHINAMAN</span></p>

<p><span class="deck">…And the real secret in Strom Thurmond’s past</span></p>

<p>He was a lieutenant in the Army of the United States: he saw no reason to sit in the back of the bus</p>

<p>For most of the 1800s, whites in blackface performed in widely popular minstrel shows, creating racist stereotypes that endured for more than a century.</p>

<p>Dubbed the “AAA guide for black people,” the underground travel manual encapsulated how automobile travel expanded — and limited — African American lives under Jim Crow.</p>